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National Institute of Business Management

Chennai – 020

FIRST SEMESTER EMBA/ MBA

Subject: Financial Management

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks

(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

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1. Explain the objectives of financial management, interphase between finance and other functions.

Answer: – The firm’s investment and financing decision are unavoidable and continuous. In order to make them rational, the firm must have a goal. Two financial objectives predominate amongst many objectives. These are:

1. Profit maximization

2. Shareholders’ Wealth Maximization (SWM)

Profit maximization refers to the rupee income while wealth maximization refers to the maximization of the market value of the firm’s shares. 

Although profit maximization has been traditionally considered as the main objective of the firm, it has faced criticism. Wealth maximization is regarded as operationally and managerially the better objective. 

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1. Profit maximization: Profit maximization implies that either a firm produces maximum output for a given input or uses minimum input for a given level of output. Profit maximization causes the efficient allocation of resources in competitive market condition and profit is considered as the most important measure of firm performance. The underlying logic of profit maximization is efficiency. Let us elaborate the term efficiency.

In a market economy, prices are driven by competitive forces and firms are expected to produce goods and services desired by society as efficiently as possible. Demand for goods and services leads price. Goods and services which are in great demand can command higher prices. This leads to higher profits for the firm. This in turn attracts other firms to produce such goods and services. Competition grows and intensifies leading to a match in demand and supply. Thus, an equilibrium price is reached. On the other hand, goods and services not in demand fetches low price which forces producers to stop producing such goods and services and go for goods and services in demand. This shows that the price system directs the managerial effort towards more profitable goods and services. Competitive forces direct price movement and guides the allocation of resources for various productive activities. 

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Cash From Asset Sales

A secondary source of internal funds for financing activities is selling assets. A company can generate investing cash flows by selling their property, plant and equipment. This strategy makes sense if the company has a large amount of obsolete equipment or is changing direction in its operations. However, many stakeholders are wary of asset sales. Fixed assets are a key part 

Cash from Issuing Equity

Corporate finance can generate cash by issuing stock and corporate bonds. Many companies prefer to source their cash from equity financing because it’s less risky than debt financing. Unlike loans, corporations don’t always have to pay back equity investments if they go bankrupt. Equity financing also means the company doesn’t have to shoulder the burden of monthly loan repayments. However, issuing more shares is essentially diluting the ownership of the company, and other investors should be consulted first. Existing stockholders generally aren’t happy about diluting their control and share of company profits.

1. What is cash budget and proforma balance sheet? Explain.

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25 x 4=100 marks

NIBM GLOBAL

FIRST SEMESTER EMBA/ MBA

Subject : Human Resources Management

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks

(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

1. Explain Collective Bargaining Model.

The process of negotiating and establishing terms and conditions of employment between employers and employees is called collective bargaining. This crucial element of labour relations is talks between employers and labour representatives, usually labour unions, to reach agreements on a range of employment-related issues, including pay, benefits, working hours, and working conditions. An description of the fundamentals, protocols, and dynamics of this negotiation process can be found in the collective bargaining model.’’

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Key Components of the Collective Bargaining Model:

Parties Involved:

1. Employers and management: A group of people, usually from human resources and management, are in charge of making choices on behalf of the business.
2. Labor/Employee Representatives: Represented by union officials or elected employee representatives who advocate for the interests and rights of the workforce.

Preparation and Planning:

1. Both parties engage in thorough preparation before negotiations. This involves identifying key issues, analyzing data, and understanding the economic context, industry standards, and the company’s financial situation.
2. Opening Statements:
3. The negotiation process often begins with opening statements from each party, presenting their initial proposals, concerns, and priorities.
4. Issue Identification and Discussion:
5. The parties identify specific issues to be addressed during negotiations. Common topics include wages, benefits, working conditions, job security, and dispute resolution procedures.

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In the selection process, interviews are essential because they provide a dynamic platform for evaluating the qualifications, abilities, and cultural fit of candidates. Although they offer benefits like personality testing and instantaneous issue solving, drawbacks like subjectivity and bias must be addressed. The way interview-based selection is evolving shows how adaptable this method is to meet the changing needs of contemporary organizations. Examples of these trends include the use of technology and an emphasis on diversity and inclusion. The basis for organisational success is ultimately laid by a carefully considered and well-designed interview process, which greatly aids in identifying the best candidates for a particular position.

1. What is the importance and reasons for current interest in Human Resource?Explain.
2. Describe the process of career Planning and development 

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25 x 4=100 marks

NIBM GLOBAL

FIRST SEMESTER EMBA/ MBA

Subject : Organizational Behaviour

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks

(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

1.Explain briefly the different areas of Management Skills.

Effective leadership and organisational success require a wide set of competencies, which are included in management skills. These abilities are commonly divided into three categories: mental, human, and technological.

Technical Skills:

Technical skills are the expertise and understanding of certain jobs, procedures, and equipment used in a given subject or sector. Front-line managers and team leaders who are actively involved in the daily operations of the organisation need these competencies. Depending on the industry, technical talents can include knowledge of fields like finance, engineering, IT, 

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marketing, or production. A manager at a software firm, for example, needs to be technically proficient in coding and software development, whereas a manager in a manufacturing company need have a solid understanding of production procedures. Technical expertise gives managers the ability to solve issues, lead teams, and make well-informed judgements.

2. What are personality traits? Explain.

Personality traits are enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that shape an individual’s characteristic way of interacting with the world. These traits are relatively stable over time and across different situations, reflecting a person’s habitual and consistent patterns of responding to various stimuli.   FOR Complete Solution, 

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3.What are the schedules of reinforcement? Explain.

Behaviorism’s schedules of reinforcement are concepts that specify when and how rewards or punishments are given in response to specific behaviours. These schedules are useful in a variety of contexts, such as business, psychology, and education, and they are essential in moulding and sustaining behaviour. The two primary types of reinforcement schedules are intermittent and continuous.

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4. Explain the effects of various work factors on job satisfaction.

A complicated and multifaceted notion, job satisfaction is influenced by a variety of work-related elements. Employers and organisations hoping to establish a happy and productive work environment must recognise the effects of these elements. The following are the main work variables that affect job satisfaction:

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5.Discuss Behavioural Leadership theory.

6.What are the different views of Conflict? Explain.

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National Institute of Business Management

Chennai – 020

FIRST SEMESTER EMBA/ MBA

Subject: Principles and Practices of Management

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks

(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

1. Explain the principles of Scientific Management by Taylor.

Answer: –

Introduction

The purpose of this essay is to identify the principles and various criticisms of Taylor’s scientific management and to discuss whether Frederick Taylor’s principles and ideas can be used successfully in today’s contemporary organizations.

Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915), was a leading pioneer in the studies of management, and was often known as the father of scientific management. Taylor (1915) revolutionized management in the twentieth century by focusing on mass production of inexpensive products, resulting in economy stability and a standardization of major industrial processes. The publication of his book titled ‘Principles of Scientific Management’ was influential in its contribution to management studies around the world (Bedelan and Wren, 2001).

Principles of Scientific Management

Taylor (1911) reported that managers, in his time, relied on the personal initiative of workers for achieving productivity, although high levels of productivity were rarely attained. In contending that workers performed at levels beneath their true capacities, he came up with four principles of scientific management to be followed by managers:

The First Principle focused on how the workers would perform their daily tasks. To find out the most efficient method of performing specific tasks, Taylor studied them in great detail and considered the ways different workers went about performing their everyday jobs. Once Taylor understood the existing way of performing a task, he then experimented to increase specialization (Taylor 1911). The reason  for the success of this principle is that it made jobs simple for workers and reduce unnecessary movements. Taylor also wanted to find ways to improve each worker’s ability to perform a particular task.

The Second Principle was to arrange the new techniques of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. Once the best method of performance task was determined, it would be communicated to all workers.

The Third Principle required the selection of workers who possessed skills and abilities to match the needs of the tasks, and to train them to perform the task against established procedures. To increase specialization, Taylor believed workers had to understand the task that were required and be trained to perform them at the required level. Workers who could not be trained to do this level were to be transferred to a job where they were able to reach the minimum required level of proficiency.

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1. Explain the major steps in planning.

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Answer: –

Different steps involved in the planning are:- 

1. Premising

a. Acts as a great tool for carrying out the planning of the business.

b. Act as the judgments about the future plans, depending on the type of the situation in which they will work.

c. Decides whether to proceed with the plan or not.

1. Explain the limitations of Planning.

Answer: –

There are several limitations of planning. Some of them are inherit in the process of planning like rigidity and other arise due to shortcoming of the techniques of planning and in the planners themselves.

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Rigidity

• Planning has tendency to make administration inflexible.
• Planning implies prior determination of policies, procedures and programmes and a strict adherence to them in all circumstances.
• There is no scope for individual freedom.
• The development of employees is highly doubted because of which management might

1. Examine the objectives of manpower Planning.

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1. A selection process involves a number of steps. What are they. Explain the steps.

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1. Describe the methods of performance appraisal.

Answer: –  

1. Assessment centre method: This method was used for the first time in 1930 by the German army and then in 1960’s by the British army. This method tests a candidate in different social situations using a number of assessor and procedures. The performance of an employee an also his potential for a new job is evaluated in this method by assessing his performance on job related simulations. Characteristics that the concerned managers feel are important for the success of a particular job are included in these simulations. Techniques like business games role playing and in basket exercises are used in this method. The employees are evaluated individually as well as collectively on job related characteristics. Personal interview and projective tests help in assessing the motivation, career orientation and dependence on others of an employee. To measure the intellectual capacity written tests are used. The evaluators in this method consist of experienced manager working at different levels who prepare a summary report for the management as well as for the employees. This technique usually measures the planning ability interpersonal skills and organizational skills of an employee.

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y and advised the employees on things which they can do to improve their career prospectus.

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National Institute of Business Management

Chennai – 020

FIRST SEMESTER EMBA/ MBA

Subject : Principles of Economics

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks

(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

1. Discuss Capitalist Economy.

Answer: –

Introduction to Capitalist Economy

A capitalist economy is an economic system in which the production and distribution of commodities take place through the mechanism of free markets. Hence it is also called as market economy or free trade economy.

Each individual be it a producer, consumer or resource owner has considerable economic freedom.

An individual has the freedom to buy and sell any number of goods and services and to choose any occupation. Thus a market economy has no central coordinator guiding its operation. But self-organization emerges amidst the functioning of market forces namely supply, demand and price.

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A Capitalist economic system is one characterized by free markets and the absence of government intervention in the economy.

In practice a capitalist economy will need some government intervention, primarily to protect private property. (this is important to distinguish capitalism from anarchism, where there is absolutely no government present)

In the real world, many economies which are viewed to have a capitalist economic system may have government spending taking up 35% of GDP. This is because the government pays for welfare, health, education and national defence. However, the economy is still viewed as capitalist because in the area of private enterprise, firms are free to decided what to produce and for whom.

1. How is Economics useful, describe its importance?

Answer: –

Economics Useful

Economics helps individuals and businesses to make informed decisions in different fields, including finance, governance, law, administration, finance among others. Typically, all people in the society are affected by economics in one way or another. It is not only important in education but also in making critical analysis in different situations.  FOR Complete Solution, 

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1. For whom are the goods produced? Explain.

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1. What are the different methods of measuring elasticity of demand? Explain.

Answer: – Some of the methods used for measuring price elasticity of demand are as follows:

1. Total Expenditure Method.

2. Proportionate Method.

3. Point Elasticity of Demand.

4. Are Elasticity of Demand.

5. Revenue Method.

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1. Total Expenditure Method:

Dr. Marshall has evolved the total expenditure method to measure the price elasticity of demand. According to this method, elasticity of demand can be measured by considering the change in price and the subsequent change in the total quantity of goods purchased and the total amount of money spent on it.

Total Outlay = Price X Quantity Demanded

1. Explain the factors governing price elasticity of demand. 

Answer:- 

There are several factors governing the elasticity of demand for a commodity. They are explained below.

1. Availability of substitutes:

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A commodity will have elastic demand if there are good substitutes for it. A small rise in the price of a commodity will send buyers to the substitutes. A lower price of a commodity will invite the former buyers of the substitute goods. A rise in the price of Brooke Bond tea may encourage buyers to use Lipton tea and vice versa. If no substitutes are available, demand for goods will be inelastic. Demand for salt is perfectly inelastic because it has no substitute.

1. 6.Explain the features of a Capitalist Economy.

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25 x 4=100 marks