SMU MBA ASSIGNMENTS

Answer:-  The Ansoff Matrix, designed by Igor Ansoff, classifies and explains different growth strategies for a company. This matrix is used by companies which have a growth target or a strategy of specialization. This tool, crossing products and markets of a company, facilitates decision making.Use and factors it considers on The Ansoff Matrix :- Igor Ansoff suggested that business owners’ ability to grow their businesses comes down to how they market new or existing products in new or existing markets. He outlines four distinct strategies:
– Market Penetration — selling more of the same things to more of the same customers
– Market Development — selling more of the same things to different customers
– Product Development — selling new products or services to the same customers
– Diversification — selling new products or services to different customers
Using Ansoff’s matrix, business owners can evaluate each of the growth strategies in turn to assess which is likely to result in the best possible return.
Limitation of Ansoff Matrix:
     Increasing the brand loyalty, this will encourage customers to buy their brand instead of some other. Well known brands use this strategy, such as; Kellogg’s corn flakes.
    Encourages customers to buy the product more regularly.
    The brand may bring out different size quantities of the product, which will encourage customers to buy more of the product.
The Ansoff matrix or Ansoff Growth matrix is an effective marketing planning tool that helps a company or business built an effective product and market growth strategy. According to the According to the Ansoff matrix, a business growth depends upon the factor that whether the business is marketing a new product or the existing product in a new or existing market.
Penetration of the market:The company is trying to expand its sales in the existing market. Existing products are sold to existing customers. The product is not modified but the firm is seeking to increase its revenues by means of promoting or repositioning its products. One has to convince potential clients and divert competitors.
Extension of the market: The company is trying to increase its sales by introducing its products into new markets. A range of existing products is introduced into new markets. Again the product is not modified, it will just be sold to a new target (e.g. through export). By taking into account cultural differences, the products may undergo minor changes.
New products: The Company is increasing its sales by introducing new or modified products on the market. There will be several versions of the product (different styles, sizes …). The new products are sold to the customers through existing distribution channels.
Diversification: In this case the company will launch new products for new customers.

The BCG Growth-Share Matrix is a portfolio planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970’s. hence the name “growth-share”. Market growth serves as a proxy for industry attractiveness, and relative market share serves as a proxy for competitive advantage. The growth-share matrix thus maps the business unit positions within these two important determinants of profitability.
The four categories are:
1.    Dogs — Dogs have low market share and a low growth rate and thus neither generate nor consume a large amount of cash. However, dogs are cash traps because of the money tied up in a business that has little potential. Such businesses are candidates for divestiture.
2.    Question marks – Question marks are growing rapidly and thus consume large amounts of cash, but because they have low market shares they do not generate much cash. The result is a large net cash comsumption. A question mark (also known as a “problem child”) has the potential to gain market share and become a star, and eventually a cash cow when the market growth slows. If the question mark does not succeed in becoming the market leader, then after perhaps years of cash consumption it will degenerate into a dog when the market growth declines. Question marks must be analyzed carefully in order to determine whether they are worth the investment required to grow market share.
3.    Stars – Stars generate large amounts of cash because of their strong relative market share, but also consume large amounts of cash because of their high growth rate; therefore the cash in each direction approximately nets out. If a star can maintain its large market share, it will become a cash cow when the market growth rate declines. The portfolio of a diversified company always should have stars that will become the next cash cows and ensure future cash generation.
4.    Cash cows – As leaders in a mature market, cash cows exhibit a return on assets that is greater than the market growth rate, and thus generate more cash than they consume. Such business units should be “milked”, extracting the profits and investing as little cash as possible. Cash cows provide the cash required to turn question marks into market leaders, to cover the administrative costs of the company, to fund research and development, to service the corporate debt, and to pay dividends to shareholders. Because the cash cow generates a relatively stable cash flow, its value can be determined with reasonable accuracy by calculating the present value of its cash stream using a discounted cash flow analysis.
Limitations
–    Market growth rate is only one factor in industry attractiveness, and relative market share is only one factor in competitive advantage. The growth-share matrix overlooks many other factors in these two important determinants of profitability.
–    The framework assumes that each business unit is independent of the others. In some cases, a business unit that is a “dog” may be helping other business units gain a competitive advantage.
.Q2. Describe the approaches used to screen projects.
Answer:- This is basically the purpose of the Approach section of the
Q3. Explain any 3 parameters analyzed during technical analysis of a project.
Answer: –
The analysis for determining the technical viability of the development project is based on the technical data and information given in the PC-I form as well as the earlier experience

Q4. Write short notes on Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS).

Answer:- Cost breakdown is the systematic process of identifying the individual elements that comprise the total cost of a good, service or package. It assigns a specific dollar value
Q5. Briefly explain the different steps or methodologies of project risk management?
Answer:- Introduction:
Risk is inevitable in a business organization when undertaking projects. However,
.Q6. Briefly describe the key project contracts under SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) for infrastructure projects.
Answer:- In managing and controlling the construction projects, there are two basic features which go hand in hand ‘project management’ and ‘project finance’. In general, most of the people especially