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Q1. What are the key concepts of management in Six Sigma?

January 10, 2013 By: Meliza Category: 1st SEM

Answer :  Key Concepts of Six Sigma

Six sigma can be used to improve workflow processes for both products and services.

Six sigma has as many definitions as it has practitioners. Some see it as a highly technical method used by manufacturing engineers to insure standardized quality production. Others see it as a shift in organizational culture to focus on the needs of the customer to support business success.

 

Statisticians see it as a method to achieve near perfection in any work process. Six sigma represents only 3.4 defects per million opportunities, or 99.99966 percent perfect. For example, if a person plays 100 rounds of golf a year and plays at a six sigma level, there would be one missed putt every 163 years.

A Concise Definition

According to six sigma experts Pansy, Neumann and Cavanaugh, it is a comprehensive system for achieving and sustaining business success that is driven by a clear understanding of the customers’ needs; disciplined use of facts and data; and diligent attention to improving, redesigning and managing business processes. There are several key concepts that drive six sigma.

 

Critical to Quality

The term critical to quality, CTQ, identifies the elements of a process that significantly affect the output of the process that are important to the end customers of that process. Not delivering these CTQ factors directly affects customers’ satisfaction with a service or product. For example, a store may offer an excellent price on a popular item, but if it is out of stock or there are no clerks to complete the sale, customers will go to another store to buy the product even if they have to pay more. Although there may be many steps in a process, only a few are vital to the process outcome. Six sigma involves identifying and improving these vital few that are critical to quality factors.

 

Defect

A defect is a measurable characteristic of a process or its output that does not meet the customers’ specifications. When defects occur time is spent correcting the problems. Six sigma identifies and eliminates the defects so that the process always delivers the customers’ CTQs.

 

Variation

Variation is a change in a process that affects the expected outcome. It is the gap between the standard output and the actual output of the process. There will always be some variation in a process and the key issue is whether that variation affects the final outcome and the customers’ CTQ requirements.

 

Process Control

Process control, sometimes called process standardization or stable operations, ensures that the improvements made in the process are sustained over time. Process control focuses on the final service or product CTQs that affect the final product or service. It focuses on problem prevention rather than detection.

 

Design for Six Sigma

Design for Six Sigma, also called DMADV, define, measure, analyze, design and verify, is used to develop new processes rather than improve existing processes. It may also be used to radically re-design a service process or product. Like other six sigma concepts, DMADV is driven by the customers’ critical to quality requirements.

Q2. Explain the project management measurement value process

 

b. Explain the work break down structure

 

Q4. What are the segments involved in project management structure?

 

Q5. What are the objectives of Inspection, Test and measurement in quality?

 

Q6. Explain the functions of quality standard.

 

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