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Answer:- a. Steps in Hungarian method

Hungarian method algorithm is based on the concept of opportunity cost and is more efficient in solving assignment problems. The following steps are adopted to solve an AP using the Hungarian method algorithm.

Step 1: Prepare row ruled matrix by selecting the minimum values for each row and subtract it from the other elements of the row.

Answer:- a.   Degeneracy in transportation problem

A basic solution to an m-origin, n destination transportation problem can have at the most m+n-1 positive basic variables (non-zero), otherwise the basic solution degenerates. It follows that whenever the number of basic cells is less than m + n – 1, the transportation problem is a degenerate one. The degeneracy can develop in two ways:

Case 1 – The degeneracy develops while determining an initial assignment via any one of the initial assignment methods discussed earlier. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer:- Meaning of Linear programming problem

Linear Programming (LP) is a mathematical technique designed to help managers in their planning and decision-making. It is usually used in an organisation that is trying to make the most effective use of its resources. Resources typically include machinery, manpower, money, time, warehouse space, and raw materials. Read the rest of this entry →

Churchman, Aackoff, and Aruoff defined operations research as “the application of scientific methods, techniques and tools to the operation of a system with optimum solutions to the problems” where ‘optimum’ refers to the best possible alternative.

Types of Operations Research Models

Physical models

These models include all forms of diagrams, graphs, and charts. They are designed to tackle specific problems. They bring out significant factors and interrelationships in pictorial form to facilitate analysis. There are two types of physical models. They are:

1. Iconic models
2. Analogue models

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Answer:-

Description of the 4 types of project performance evaluation techniques

(1) Project goals. Project goals are the baseline of determining the success of the project. Therefore, the formulation of the project goals is a direct factor of the success of the project constraints. Project goals include the achievement of targets, the binding targets, and other conditions to be met. Binding targets include the project scope, quality, profit or cost targets, time targets and the need to meet regulatory requirements; the achievement goals include the outcome and the impact of the planned social and economic, improving the institutional system and the macro planning, policy objectives of the project’s requirements.

(2) Profitability. Mainly refers to the income of the project implementation and the prediction of project income which is based on the situation actual construction of the project, that is, the economic benefits, the social and environmental benefits and the sustainability of project benefits.

(3) The implementation process. It includes progress, schedule, quality, performance contracts, project risk, communication management, third-party behavior and so on.

(4) The value of the project. Technical progress of the project includes studying the application of the new technologies and effects (project development and application of scientific and technological achievements and effects, and effects of the introduction of technical innovations, promote the use of new technologies and effects), the main effect of the implementation of the basic work management (technology intelligence and information effect, the implementation of standardized effect, the commencement of the effect of measurement), technical depth, and other effects (effects of rationalization proposals and technical improvements

Listing of any 4 benefits performance measurement and evaluation

Performance measurement and evaluation are powerful tools to improve management and decision making at all levels. Participatory approaches, in particular, can help to build capacity for ongoing improvement at local levels. The following chart maps some of the key benefits and how they can be used

Benefits of Performance Measurement and Evaluation

√ Policy and Program Planning and Development – Results may confirm policy and program direction, or identify gaps that need to be addressed.

√ Decision Making about Funding – Finding out what works well/not so well can be used to guide  future funding decisions/priorities.

√ Clarifying Goals – At the outset, developing a “road map” clarifies goals, explains  the “big picture” and ensures everyone shares a common focus.

√ Tracking Progress – Enables monitoring and, if required, permits adjustments to be  made along the way.

√ Reporting Results – Promotes accountability and communicates what works well to  facilitate improvement and ongoing development.

Answer:-

Definition of quality planning

A quality plan is a document, or several documents, that together specify quality standards, practices, resources, specifications, and the sequence of activities relevant to a particular product, service, project, or contract. Quality plans should define:

Answer:-

1. Parametric estimating tool of cost estimating

An estimate is the most knowledgeable statement one can make at a particular point in time. A complete estimate includes:

• Effort/Cost
• Schedule
• Risk
• Reliability

There is a mutual benefit for corporate and major information systems project teams and many of the programs as a result of the information exchange generated by the Project Management Reviews. Corporate and major information systems are reviewed from their inception to retirement, i.e., throughout the Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC) phases of Identification, Selection, Control, and Evaluate. Several of the current and future corporate and major information systems initiatives have been identified in the Departmental Information Architecture Program guidance series and in the Corporate Systems Information Architecture (CSIA) document.

Answer:-

1. Economic feasibility of a project

The purpose of an economic feasibility study (EFS) is to demonstrate the net benefit of a proposed project for accepting or disbursing electronic funds/benefits, taking into consideration the benefits and costs to the agency, other state agencies, and the general public as a whole.

Answer:-  The various phases in project management life cycle are –

1. Analysis and evaluation
2. Marketing
3. Design
4. Inspecting, testing and delivery

Answer:-  Explain the four dimensions of quality

Quality is inherent in the product or service that is rendered to the customer. Since we are attempting to measure the same, we will look into those aspects of quality, called dimensions of quality.

1. Quality of design – A product is designed keeping in view the customers’ requirement. For designing a product, the manufacturer or service provider should be aware of the specifications of different features required to incorporate in the product. Some of the features to be known for designing a product include – material, dimensions, and characteristics. The quality of the product is introduced by the design of these features. Inspection of the manufacturing processes is of utmost importance in ensuring quality of performance.
2. Conformance to design – Conformance to design is the degree to which the manufactured product or delivered service meets the parameters that have been incorporated in the design. It verifies that the variability in the process is within acceptable limits so as not to compromise the functionalities that the designer wanted.
3. Utilisation conditions – Utilisation conditions refer to the necessity of the customer being informed or trained so that, the purpose for which the product was made is realised by the customer in total, thus enhancing the customer’s satisfaction. Instructions, manuals, help-lines, and on-site training by the manufacturers’ personnel improve the perception of quality.
4. After sales service – There are so many reasons why products do not function to the expected levels. It may be improper use, unexpected or additional demands, improper assembly or even manufacturing defects.

There is a need to rectify these and make products or services perform up to the expected standard. The firm should put in place a system by which these possibilities are anticipated and attended to give customer satisfaction. This is an important, but often neglected dimension of quality.

The following steps should be considered for setting the data in a logical order.

1. Check whether the participants in the process that is, people, teams, and electronic applications are sufficient or, any changes and additions need to be made.
2. Ensure that all the data expected is included or not. Generally, we start with an initial set of data which we have. When we check them with the requirements of the process for the desired outcomes, we find gaps.

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Answer:- Description of the four parts of the post implementation review of a project

1. Final product review: The product obtained after every stage must meet the requirements of that stage. If it completely meets the stated objectives, then focus on the issues of maintenance of the processes and product performance. If the final product does not completely meet the objectives then identify the variations in the product and analyse the variation. Study the factors responsible for the change and evaluate each one separately.

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Answer:-

1. 5 Ss system of waste elimination

The 5Ss are as follows:

• Sort/segregate – Keep what is needed and remove everything else from the work area; when in doubt, throw it out. Identify non-value items and remove them. Getting rid of these items makes space available and usually improves the work flow.
• Simplify/straighten – Arrange and use analysis tools to improve the work flow and reduce wasted motion. Consider long-run and short-run ergonomic issues. Label and display for easy use only what is needed in the immediate work area.

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Answer:-  There are 2 factors i.e) General & Special factor

These General factors favour Gujarat as automobile manufacturing hub are follows as;

• Communication facilities – Communication facility is also an important factor which influences the location of a plant. Regions with good communication facilities namely postal and tele-communication links should be given priority for the selection of sites.

Infrastructure – Infrastructure plays Read the rest of this entry →

Solutions:

1. List the general factors that favour Gujarat as a destination for automobile manufacturing

Answer:- The general factors that favour Gujarat as a destination for automobile manufacturing are;

Availability of land – Availability of land plays an important role in determining the plant location. On several occasions, our plans, calculations and forecasts suggest a particular area as the best to start an organisation. However, availability Read the rest of this entry →

Answer:-

Outsourcing strategies for capital productivity

When capacity requirements are determined, it is easy to figure out whether some goods or services can be outsourced. Outsourcing can reduce the capital and manpower requirements. Also, the available capacities can be used to augment the core competencies thus reducing the cost of the product or service to the customer. Further, outsourcing also helps in improved product design and even enables better networking and collaborations. However, lack of expertise, quality considerations, nature of demand, and cost factors may restrict outsourcing. Read the rest of this entry →

a)Employee Engagement

Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards their organisation and its values. An engaged employee is aware of business circumstances and works with his/her organisation to improve the performance within the job for the benefit of the organisation and to make an effective organisation.

The main idea of employee engagement is to offer a positive environment to employees so that they are free to add and desire to contribute more of their energy, efforts and thought processes in more ways than one, and significantly and favourably impact the goals of the organisation. It’s about having employees feel fully connected to their company and keen about their job. It is empowering employees to imagine and to start change from their viewpoint. Employee engagement activates increased job satisfaction and employee retention. It maximises workforce productivity. Employee engagement is essential for meeting corporate sales and effective objectives. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer:-

Causes of Grievance–

(a) Economic: Wage fixation, over time bonus, wage revision etc. Employees may feel that they are paid less when compared to others.

(b) Work environment: Poor physical conditions of workplace, tight production norms, defective tools and equipment, poor quality of materials, unfair rules, lack of recognitions etc.

(c) Supervision: Relates to the attitude of the supervisor towards the employee such as perceived notion of bias, favoritism, nepotism, caste affiliations, regional feelings etc.