Sikkim Manipal Online mba

Answer :  The objective of capital structure management is to mix the permanent sources of funds in manner that will maximise the company’s common stock price. This will also minimise the firm’s composite cost of capital. This proper mix of fund sources is referred to as the optimal capital structure. Thus, for each firm, there is a combination of debt, equity and other forms(preferred stock) which maximises the value of the firm while simultaneously minimising the cost of capital. The financial manager is continuously trying to achieve an optimal proportion of debt and equity that will achieve this objective. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : The balance of payments(or BOP) of a country is a record of international transactions between residents of one country and the rest of the world over a specified period, usually a year. Thus, India’s balance of payments accounts record transactions between Indian residents and the rest of the world. International transactions include exchanges of goods, services or assets. The term “residents” means businesses, individuals and government agencies and includes citizens temporarily living abroad but excludes local subsidiaries of foreign corporations. The balance of payments is a sources-and-uses-of-funds statement. Transactions such as exports of goods and services that earn foreign exchange are recorded as credit, plus, or cash inflows (sources). Transactions such as imports of goods and services that expend foreign exchange are recorded as debit, minus, or cash outflows (uses).The Balance of Payments for a country is the sum of the Current Account, the Capital Account and the change in Official Reserves. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :

Internal Audit The Governing Body of each agency is responsible for establishing the internal audit function and the head of internal audit is primarily accountable to the Governing Body. The head of internal audit will report to the Audit Committee on their function, and to the chief executive (or to an officer nominated by the chief executive) for administrative purposes such as for authorisation of expenditure and approval of travel and leave.

Guideline Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :  Wealth Tax

Wealth tax is a direct tax, which is charged on the net wealth of the assessed. It is a tax on the benefits derived from ownership of property. The tax is to be paid year after year on the same property on its market value, whether or not such property yields any income. Wealth tax, in India, is levied under Wealth-tax Act, 1957. The Income tax department under the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance administers the Wealth Tax Act, 1957 as well as the Wealth Tax Rules framed there under.

Under the Act, the tax is charged in respect of the wealth held during the assessment year by the following persons :- Read the rest of this entry →

a. Tax holidays

Answer  : A tax holiday is a temporary reduction or elimination of a tax. Programs may be referred to as tax abatements, tax subsidies, tax holidays, or tax reduction programs. Governments usually create tax holidays as incentives for business investment. Tax holidays have been granted by governments at national, sub-national, and local levels, and have included income, property, sales, VAT, and other taxes. Some tax holidays are extra statutory concessions, where governing bodies grant reduction in tax not necessarily authorized within the law. In developing countries, governments sometimes reduce or eliminate corporate taxes for the purpose of attracting Foreign Direct Investment or stimulating growth in selected industries.

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Answer  :  The defense against the acquisition by taking over the shares listed on any stock exchanges. It explains the concept and various forms of takeover device prevailing in the corporate world and the technique of corporate raid as well. You will also understand about the various defensive mechanisms that can be adopted to face the takeover raid, which in turn focuses on corporate strategies to avoid takeover raid and the legal measures against takeovers in India. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : Merger success is possible; however, being part of the 17% that succeeds, rather than the 83% that does not deliver, requires more than insight. Merger success is based on acceleration, concentration and creating a critical mass for operational change (adaptation). Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : DURATION OF BONDS

Bond Duration is a measure of bond price volatility, which captures both price and reinvestment risk and which is used to indicate how a bond will react in different interest rate environments. The duration of a bond represents the length of time that elapses before the average rupee of present value from the bond is received. Thus duration of a bond is the weighted average maturity of cash flow stream, where the weights are proportional to the present value of cash flows. Formally, it is defined as:

Duration = D = {PV (C1) x 1 + PV (C2) x 2+ —– PV (Can) x n} / Current Price of the bond

Where PV (Chi) is the present values of cash flow at time I. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : The degree to which stock prices reflect all available, relevant information.

Market efficiency has varying degrees: strong, semi-strong, and weak. Stock prices in a perfectly efficient market reflect all available information. These differing levels, however, suggest that the responsiveness of stock prices to relevant information may vary.

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Answer :   A Bill of Lading or BOL or B/L is a legal document used by the shipper of a particular good and a carrier (i.e. the transport provider). This document is issued by the carrier and completed by the shipper. It details the type, quantity and destination of the goods being carried. The bill of lading also serves as a receipt of shipment when the good is delivered to the predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped goods, no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative from the carrier, shipper and receiver. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : The term “globalization” has acquired considerable emotive force. Some view it as process that is beneficial — a key to future world economic development — and also inevitable and irreversible. Others regard it with hostility, even fear, believing that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and thwarts social progress. This brief offers an overview of some aspects of globalization and aims to identify ways in which countries can tap the gains of this process, while remaining realistic about its potential and its risks. Globalization offers extensive opportunities for truly worldwide development but it is not progressing evenly. Some countries are becoming integrated into the global economy more quickly than others. Countries that have been able to integrate are seeing faster growth and reduced poverty. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :  Strategy implementation is the translation of chosen strategy into organizational action so as to achieve strategic goals and objectives. Strategy implementation is also defined as the manner in which an organization should develop, utilize, and amalgamate organizational structure, control systems, and culture to follow strategies that lead to competitive advantage and a better performance. Organizational structure allocates special value developing tasks and roles to the employees and states how these tasks and roles can be correlated so as maximize efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction-the pillars of competitive advantage. But, organizational structure is not sufficient in itself to motivate the employees. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :  Strategy

Strategy is the method by which an organisation systematically achieves its future objectives. A business cannot progress for a long term without a reliable strategy. In this unit, you will learn meaning of business strategies, its conceptual evolution, scope and its importance, distinction between goals and objectives, analysing strategic intent through vision and mission statements and finding out the significance of core competencies of business and critical success factors Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :   Observation techniques

Direct observation produces more reliable information than interviews on actual behaviour. The researcher can see which medicines are being sold, prescribed or used, or are available in medicine cabinets; what information on their use the seller or doctor provides; whether drugs are purchased on prescription, etc. The most common observational techniques to study drug use are: Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  :  OBJECTIVE:

A poor location or a poorly negotiated lease can cripple a wonderful business. Every business has its own location criteria. In this session you will define your criteria, learn how to select the right location, create a site model, and recognize the important aspects of a lease agreement.

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Answer  :   1. Purpose

a. This publication sets forth planning policies and procedures to govern the joint activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States. It provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders and prescribes doctrine and selected joint tactics, techniques, and procedures for joint operations and training. It provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :    Property, Plant, and Equipment is a separate category on a classified balance sheet. It typically follows Long-term Investments and is oftentimes referred to as “PP&E.” Items appropriately included in this section are the physical assets deployed in the productive operation of the business, like land, buildings, and equipment. Note that idle facilities and land held for speculation are more appropriately listed in some other category on the balance sheet, like Long-term Investments. Within the PP&E section, items are customarily listed according to expected life. Land comes first, followed by buildings, then equipment. For some businesses, the amount of Property, Plant, and Equipment can be substantial. This is the case for firms that have large investments in manufacturing operations or significant real estate holdings. Other service or intellectual-based businesses may actually have very little to show within this balance sheet category. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  :   In some ways the very term ‘operation strategy’ sounds like a contradiction in terms. Operations is, after all, about the day-to-day creation and delivery of products and services. So how can it be strategic? In fact, the issue is one of distinguishing between two words which are similar but have different meanings. These are operations and operational. Operations refers to those parts of the business which are concerned with producing products and services. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  :  A System is a group of interrelated items in which no item studied in isolation will act in the same way as it would in the system. A system is divided into a series of parts or subsystems, and any system is a part of a larger system. The system’s boundary defines what is inside the system and what is outside. A system’s environment is everything outside the system boundary that may have an impact on the behaviour of the system. A system’s inputs are the physical objects of information that enter it from the environment and its outputs are the same which leave it for the environment. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : No doubt about it, emerging technology has a drastic impact on society and business. Whether people realize it or not, the way we conduct business and live our lives would be much different if it weren’t for the continually changing technology. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : ORWARD AND BACKWARDS SCHEDULING

 MIE Solutions offers a made to order job shop ERP system designed for the manufacturer of goods and products.  Most accounting systems are designed for the basic AR, AP and GL side of financials where a manufacturing software product deals with the actual production of the goods and services.   MIE Trak is a full featured ERP system for the made to order and engineer to order manufacturer. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : Production planning is an activity that is performed before the actual production process takes place. It involves determining the schedule of production, sequence of operations, economic batch quantities, and also the dispatching priorities for sequencing of jobs. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : The principle behind Quality Audit

The principles of Quality Audit, in the sense we mean it here, are based on the style of quality standards used in several formal national and international standards such as the ISO-900x international quality standards. These standards do not in themselves create quality. The logic is as follows. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : Quality as a Business Strategy

QBS is a leadership framework and set of activities to help your organization prepare to

effectively participate in system transformation and continuous quality improvement.

Why QBS? Read the rest of this entry →

Answer:   The ABC analysis is a business term used to define an inventory categorization technique often used in materials management. It is also known as Selective Inventory Control. Policies based on ABC analysis: Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :   The irrigation network is perhaps the most costly element of an irrigation scheme and is designed to last a long time. However, all too often one finds that irrigation schemes not long constructed bear little resemblance to the original construction and design. Silt deposition, weed infestation, malfunctioning of structures and other undesirable situations make it practically impossible to control the flow in these canals. As a result, the system is unable to deliver the necessary water and distribute it equitably. It is not surprising that farmers working in those irrigation schemes sometimes feel frustrated because they know the potential benefits of irrigation and yet cannot realize their expectations. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : Performance analysis is an assessment of process, equipment, employee, or any other factor to gauge progress towards predetermined goals. It is guided and assessed by effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Front-end performance analysis is one of the most important investments that the organizations should make to achieve maximum return on all other investments in human performance. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : Supplier development is the process of working with certain suppliers/subcontractors on a one-to-one basis to improve their performance for the benefit of the buying organization. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : The ISO/TS16949 standard specifies eight different Clauses which have to be followed by the organization to meet the objectives and confirm customer requirements as follows.

Table 5.1: The eight clauses of ISO/TS 16979 Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : Quality Management System, in the simplest of terms, is defined as

“The process of Management of the Systems of an organization, with regard to its Quality related activities, for ‘meeting and enhancing customer satisfaction’ and also taking care of all other interested parties such as legislative and regulatory bodies, shareholders, suppliers, employees, etc.” Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : Mission statements

Mission statement is a formal, short written statement for the purpose of the current functioning of the company or an organisation. The actions of the organisation are guided by the mission statement. Mission statement should spell out the overall goal, provide a sense of direction and guide in decision making. Critical components that clarify each organisation’s purpose are common in case of all effective mission statements. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : PDCA is described as (plan-do-check-act). This is typically used in business process improvement and is an iterative four-step problem-solving process. This is also called as the Deming circle or plan-do-study-act.  Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : The organisation must make sure that the handling, storage and delivery of the product is done in an efficient manner. There must be a well documented procedure and methods of handling that prevents the damage and the deterioration of the product. In the case of software industry, handling refers to necessary action that the organisation must take to protect the software from unauthorised changes, software alterations and virus infections.  Read the rest of this entry →

Answer  : The eight quality management principles are defined in ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, and in ISO 9004, quality management systems guidelines for performance improvements Read the rest of this entry →

Answer : Activity : It is physically identifiable part of a project which require time and resources for its execution. An activity is represented by an arrow, the tail of which represents the start and the head, finish of the activity. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :  Project Management Information System (PMIS)

An information system is mainly aimed at providing the management at different levels with information related to the system of the organisation. It helps in maintaining discipline in the system. Read the rest of this entry →

Answer :  Some key points about PERT are as follows:

1. PERT was developed in connection with an R&D work. Therefore, it had to cope with the uncertainties that are associated with R&D activities. In PERT, the total project duration is regarded as a random variable. Therefore, associated probabilities are calculated so as to characterise it. Read the rest of this entry →

Hardware support for MIS

Generally hardware in the form of personal computers and peripherals like printers, fax machines, copier, scanners etc are used in organization to support various MIS activities of the organization. Read the rest of this entry →